What is transcription?
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Transcription is the first of several steps of DNA based gene expression in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language. During transcription a DNA sequence is read by an RNA polymerase which produces a complementary antiparallel …
Transcription is the first of several steps of DNA based gene expression in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language. During transcription a DNA sequence is read by an RNA polymerase which produces a complementary antiparallel RNA strand called a primary transcript. Transcription proceeds in the following general steps: RNA polymerase together with one or more general transcription factors binds to promoter DNA.RNA polymerase generates a transcription bubble which separates the two strands of the DNA helix. This is done by breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary DNA nucleotides.RNA polymerase adds RNA nucleotides (which are complementary to the nucleotides of one DNA strand).RNA sugar-phosphate backbone forms with assistance from RNA polymerase to form an RNA strand.Hydrogen bonds of the RNA–DNA helix break freeing the newly synthesized RNA strand.If the cell has a nucleus the RNA may be further processed. This may include polyadenylation capping and splicing.The RNA may remain in the nucleus or exit to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pore complex.The stretch of DNA transcribed into an RNA molecule is called a transcription unit and encodes at least one gene. If the gene encodes a protein the transcription produces messenger RNA (mRNA); the mRNA in turn serves as a template for the protein's synthesis through translation. Alternatively the transcribed gene may encode for non-coding RNA such as microRNA ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transfer RNA (tRNA) or enzymatic RNA molecules called ribozymes. Overall RNA helps synthesize regulate and process proteins; it therefore plays a fundamental role in performing functions within a cell. In virology the term may also be used when referring to mRNA synthesis from an RNA molecule (i.e. RNA replication). For instance the genome o… Read more on Wikipedia
A DNA transcription unit encoding for a protein may contain both a coding sequence which will be translated into the protein and regulatory sequences which direct and regulate the synthesis of that protein. The regulatory sequence before (" upstream " from) the coding sequence is called the five prime untranslated region (5'UTR); the sequence after (" downstream " from…
A DNA transcription unit encoding for a protein may contain both a coding sequence which will be translated into the protein and regulatory sequences which direct and regulate the synthesis of that protein. The regulatory sequence before (" upstream " from) the coding sequence is called the five prime untranslated region (5'UTR); the sequence after (" downstream " from) the coding sequence is called the three prime untranslated region (3'UTR). As opposed to DNA replication transcription results in an RNA complement that includes the nucleotide ...
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