Answer: Amino acids
What are the small molecules that make up proteins called?

Proteins are the chief actors within the cell said to be carrying out the duties specified by the information encoded in genes. With the exception of certain types of RNA most other biological molecules are relatively inert elements upon which proteins act. Proteins make up half the dry weight of an Escherichia coli cell whereas other macromolecules such as DNA and RNA make up only 3% and 20% respectively. The set of proteins expressed in a particular cell or cell type is known as its proteome.

Within the fields of molecular biology and pharmacology a small molecule is a low molecular weight (< 900 daltons ) organic compound that may regulate a biological process with a size on the order of 1 nm. Many drugs are small molecules. Larger structures such as nucleic acids and proteins and many polysaccharides are not small molecules although their constituent monomers (ribo- or deoxyribonucleotides amino acids and monosaccharides respectively) are often considered small molecules. Small molecules may be us…

Small molecule - Wikipedia

Small molecule - Wikipedia
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